What are the differences between various Arduino boards?

The differences between various Arduino boards primarily lie in their microcontroller, I/O pins, memory, USB interface, size, and special features. Here’s a concise overview of the most common Arduino boards:

1. Arduino Uno

• Microcontroller: ATmega328P

• Digital I/O Pins: 14 (6 PWM)

• Analog Inputs: 6

• Flash Memory: 32 KB

• USB Port: Standard USB-B

• Use Case: General-purpose board, great for beginners

2. Arduino Mega 2560

• Microcontroller: ATmega2560

• Digital I/O Pins: 54 (15 PWM)

• Analog Inputs: 16

• Flash Memory: 256 KB

• USB Port: USB-B

• Use Case: Projects requiring many I/O pins and more memory (e.g., CNC, 3D printers)

3. Arduino Nano

• Microcontroller: ATmega328P

• Digital I/O Pins: 14 (6 PWM)

• Analog Inputs: 8

• Flash Memory: 32 KB

• USB Port: Mini-USB or Micro-USB

• Use Case: Compact and breadboard-friendly designs

4. Arduino Leonardo

• Microcontroller: ATmega32u4

• Digital I/O Pins: 20 (7 PWM)

• Analog Inputs: 12

• Flash Memory: 32 KB

• USB Port: Micro-USB

• Special Feature: Can act as a USB keyboard/mouse (HID)

• Use Case: Human interface devices

5. Arduino Due

• Microcontroller: ATSAM3X8E (32-bit ARM Cortex-M3)

• Digital I/O Pins: 54

• Analog Inputs: 12

• Flash Memory: 512 KB

• USB Ports: Native USB and Programming port

• Use Case: High-performance applications needing 32-bit speed

6. Arduino Micro

• Microcontroller: ATmega32u4

• Digital I/O Pins: 20

• Analog Inputs: 12

• Flash Memory: 32 KB

• USB Port: Micro-USB

• Use Case: Similar to Leonardo but smaller; great for USB devices

7. Arduino Nano 33 IoT

• Microcontroller: SAMD21 + Wi-Fi/BLE

• Wireless: Wi-Fi, Bluetooth

• Digital I/O Pins: 14

• Analog Inputs: 8

• Use Case: IoT and wireless applications

 Summary Table